BB心理&健康系列(4/5) – 胎教不簡單 啟發BB六大潛能

很多人好奇,胎教真的有用嗎?肚內寶寶那麼小小的一團,有研究發現,原來懷孕14周左右寶寶腦中的「大腦邊緣系統」已開始形成,寶寶能夠掌控視覺、聽覺、嗅覺、味覺、觸覺等感覺。而到了25周左右,寶寶所有器官大致發展成熟,更會有抓、笑、哭、打嗝等行為和心情。所以,及早在胎教發展寶寶潛能,可令寶寶成長得更快更好。

 

潛能一:記憶力

懷孕第4個月開始,寶寶已有記憶的能力,更會隨胎齡而逐漸增強。初生寶寶在媽咪懷裡特別容易入睡或停止哭鬧,這是因為寶寶早已熟悉媽咪的心音,故出生後聽到媽咪的心跳聲也會感到親切安心。心理學家還發現,若經常對著寶寶講故事,當寶寶出生後再講同一個故事的話,寶寶會較快記起來。

 

胎教秘訣:孕爸媽不妨為寶寶起個名字,經父母不斷呼喚,寶寶會對乳名記憶深刻,出生後聽到熟悉的名字時,容易有安全感;哭鬧、煩躁等情緒也會減少。孕爸媽也可多跟寶寶聊聊天,把日常生活所見所聽到的快樂事物跟寶寶分享,寶寶出生後會較容易適應新環境。

 

潛能二:聽力

研究發現,寶寶4個月時,對外界的聲音會有所感覺;到了6個月就能對聲音產生生理性反應,如眨眼、打呵欠、心率加快、頭部轉向等。寶寶最喜歡輕柔的說話聲、小鳥的鳴叫聲和風鈴的響聲。但就討厭刺耳的鈴聲、叫囂爭吵聲等。

 

胎教秘訣:孕爸媽可多一起聊聊天,說說甜話,也要多跟寶寶說話、講故事、聽柔和的音樂,會讓寶寶感覺愉悅,對其出生後的聽力、記憶力、思維能力和語言表達等方面都大有裨益呢。

 

潛能三:情緒表達

寶寶在孕育過程中,已經開始萌生若干性格特質,亦會表現出喜惡情感。一般來說,寶寶在第2個月時受到刺激時會通過踢腳、搖頭等動作,來表達自己的喜惡情感,到了6個月後會因媽媽的負面情緒或外界的刺激而感覺不快,可能會表現出如發脾氣或哭泣的表情。

 

胎教秘訣:孕媽媽開心,寶寶也開心﹔相反,生氣動怒不但會影響寶寶情緒,嚴重還會令胎盤血管收縮,引致寶寶缺氧。所以,孕媽媽要盡量保持良好的情緒狀態,寶寶也會更健康快樂。

 

潛能四:微笑

科學家發現,嬰兒並不是在出生後才學會笑的,而是在媽媽腹中就學會了微笑,專家認為這是一種情緒或生理反應,為幫助寶寶出生後適應外面的世界所做的準備。一般來說,孕媽媽吃飽飯,寶寶的心跳速率加快,顯示寶寶的心情是愉悅的。

 

胎教秘訣:孕媽媽要盡量在生活中獲得滿足,即是睡得足、吃得飽,保持心境平和愉悅,寶寶也一樣能感受得到,有助寶寶在身心方面健康發育。

 

潛能五:哭泣

研究認為,嬰兒啼哭大多發生在懷孕後期或臨產之前。寶寶的哭聲有時可在孕媽媽的腹部聽到,有時則是在媽媽的耳朵處聽到,一般都比較微弱,類似輕微的低鳴,不容易被察覺﹔有時則是「沉默的哭泣」,呈現出類似張嘴和下巴顫抖的哭泣表情。

 

胎教秘訣:寶寶哭泣的原因很多,可能是在媽媽的子宮裡感到不適,或是被外界噪音嚇到了等等;所以孕媽媽盡量避免處於過分嘈雜的環境,讓寶寶感覺自在安心。

 

 

潛能六:視力

據研究顯示,寶寶到4、5個月時已開始對光線變得敏感。如果手電筒的光線有節奏地照射孕媽咪的腹壁,寶寶不僅會睜開眼睛,還會把臉轉向有光亮的方向。

 

胎教秘訣:天氣好時,孕媽媽不妨多到戶外走走,曬曬柔和的日光浴,不僅能讓寶寶充滿溫暖幸福感,還能增強寶寶對光的敏感,有利促進大腦發育和成熟。

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