BB心理&健康系列(2/5) – BB心理健康成長因素:安全感

幼兒時期是學習教養的時期,但是有些寶寶總是難教任性,好像從不跟從教導,更有些必須時時刻刻要跟著父或母,令到他們疲於奔命,卻又沒有解決方法,大家有沒有想過是與安全感有關?

 

研究發現,0-3歲是嬰兒建立良好的心理安全感的最佳時期,孩子3歲之前安全感的建立,將決定了他一生的發展。

 

對媽媽的信任

 

奧地利精神分析學家埃里克森(E.H.Erikson)在1950年曾提出,在個體發展的早期,人格發展最主要的課題是建立對世界最初的信任感。嬰兒初生,如果受到父母或其他看護人的良好照顧,尤其是母親,如能夠對嬰兒採取慈愛的態度,並且這種慈愛是經常的、一貫的和可靠的,嬰兒就會覺得舒適與滿足,會產生最初的安全感,會對周圍的世界產生信任和期待。

 

安全感一般最早來自發展早期對母親的信任。如:當孩子在感到餓、尿、 無聊、不舒服時——開始大哭引起母親的注意——母親每每在這時出現,抱住他並安慰他,並一一為他解除不快、滿足他的需要。孩子通過對母親的信任而獲得安全感。如果在孩子幼小的童年時期,父母能夠給予孩子足夠的愛,持續的、穩定的、持之以恆、前後一致的、合理的愛,孩子就會體驗到安全感,並延伸出對於他人及世界的信任,並且感覺到自尊、自信以及對現實和未來的確定感和可控制感。

 

建立孩子的成功感

 

父母應讓孩子建立適當的自信心,讓他獨立完成事情,尤其當孩子主動想自己做的時候,父母應多給予空間,從旁觀察,讓孩子發揮。甚至,多給予孩子不同的簡單任務,讓孩子累積成功的經驗,從而認識自己的能力。生活中不同的任務和活動,都能提升孩子的成功感。當孩子擁有成功的經驗,他們的安全感就能提升,不怕面對困難並勇於嘗試,這便可以提高他的安全感。Related: realistic dog stuffed animals, custom, roland integra 7 sound list, activities london march 2023, temporary kitchen backsplash for renters, christopher esber crochet skirt, banana plant aquarium propagation, one bedroom apartments in moore, ok, ubs 401k plan administrator, venturi pump singapore, fundthrough valuation, husqvarna viking h class e10 bobbin, 1password screen recording, banded bottom shirts men’s, pull on slip on black loafers women, pump street chocolate shoreditch,Related: terraria calamity soul of flight, james van der zee quotes, from dust we come to dust we return quran, que significa el color amarillo en la biblia, mary ann cotton surviving descendants, is there a hadleigh college in new york, install recessed medicine cabinet exterior wall, do rainbow get paid every week, blazor navigate to page 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